Noun concept:
1. Electromagnetic induction law:
The magnitude of the induced electromotive force in the circuit is proportional to the change rate of the energy passing through the circuit. (This is Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.) No matter what method is used, as long as the magnetic flux passing through the closed circuit changes, there will be induced current in the closed circuit. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction.
2. Lenz's Law:
The induced current has such a direction that the magnetic field sensing the induced current always resists the change of the magnetic flux of the induced current, which is Lenz's law.
3. Energy conservation:
Energy can neither be generated nor disappear out of thin air. It can only be transformed from one form to another, or transferred from one object to another. In this transformation and transfer, the total amount of energy is always kept unchanged, which is the law of energy transformation and conservation. Work is a measure of the transformation of energy.
4. Magnetic induction intensity:
In the magnetic field, the ratio of the force F of the magnetic field to the product IL of the current I and the wire length L of the energized straight wire perpendicular to the magnetic field direction is called the magnetic induction strength at the location of the energized straight wire. (B=F/IL The unit of magnetic induction intensity B is determined by the IL units of F, I and L. In the International System of Units, the unit of magnetic induction intensity is Tesla, or Te for short. The international symbol is T, and the magnetic field force received by a 1m long conductor through a current of 1A is 1N, and the magnetic induction intensity is 1t. 1t=A * m/N
5. Magnetic line of force:
The so-called magnetic lines of force are some directional curves generated in the magnetic field. The tangent direction of any point on the curve is consistent with the magnetic induction direction of the point.
6. Magnetic flux:
The plane perpendicular to the magnetic induction B, the area is S, and the magnetic flux passing through this plane= BS。 The meaning of magnetic flux can also be illustrated graphically by magnetic lines of force. What the magnetic flux represents is the number of magnetic lines on one side of the magnetic field. In the International System of Units, the unit of magnetic flux is Weber, abbreviated as Wei, and the international symbol is wb. 1 wei=1 t * 1 m2. From= BS, we can get B=/ S This indicates that the magnetic induction S intensity is equal to the magnetic flux passing through the unit area. Therefore, the magnetic induction intensity is often called the magnetic flux density, and the unit is Wei/m2. 1 t=1 W/m 2 N/A * m
7. Power capacity:
The power of the transformer includes input power P1 and output power P2. The input power is related to the efficiency of the transformer. The power of the power transformer is an important basis for determining the size of the iron core
8. Power factor:
The ratio of the input power P1 of the transformer to its volt ampere capacity VA1 is called the power factor cos?, The power factor of transformer is related to the magnetizing current. The larger the proportion of magnetizing current in the primary current, the lower the power factor.
9. Efficiency:
The ratio of transformer output power P2 to input power P1 is called efficiency
10. Voltage regulation rate:
When the transformer is from no-load to full load, the load voltage of transformer is lower than the no-load voltage due to the voltage drop U1 and U2 generated by primary copper resistors r1 and r2, and the drop is generally expressed by the voltage regulation rate. (The voltage regulation rate controls the value of current density, and the output power of the transformer is approximately proportional to the allowable voltage regulation rate.)
11. No load current:
No load current Io of transformer is equal to magnetizing current I? O Vector sum with iron loss current Ico. The phase difference between magnetizing current and iron loss current is 90.. As the loss current of iron core is very small, the no-load current of transformer is mainly magnetizing current. The no-load current is closely related to the performance of the iron core of the transformer. If the allowable no-load current value is large, the value of the magnetic induction strength of the iron core can be increased, which can reduce the volume of the transformer. Or use iron core materials with ordinary performance to reduce the cost of the transformer, but the no-load current will increase, the power factor of the transformer will decrease, which will affect the performance of the power grid or power supply. If the allowable value of no-load current is small, and the magnetic induction strength of the iron core is decreasing, materials with excellent performance must be used.
12. Temperature rise:
When the transformer is put into operation, the part where the working temperature of the coil is higher than the ambient temperature is called the coil temperature rise Tm, and the part where the working temperature of the iron core is higher than the ambient temperature is called the iron core temperature rise Tco. There are two kinds of temperature rise: the hottest point temperature rise and the average temperature rise. Generally, the average temperature rise of the coil is taken as the temperature rise index of the transformer. In power transformers above medium power, temperature rise is an important parameter. On the one hand, it controls the value of differential electromagnetic parameters, on the other hand, it affects the service life of transformers.
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